This type of work is also known as the bastard ashlar. The stones to be used for the work are directly obtained from the quarry, after merely knocking off weak corner and edges with the mason’s hammer. The plumb bob should use to check the verticality or erected wall. As far as possible broken stones or small stones chips should not be used. This masonry construction is a type mainly used for remodeling and to provide interior finish. The overall tensile strength offered by the brick masonry is less and is irrespective of the class of brick chosen. Drive the mortar into the joints and finish with an approved pointing tool. Bed the stones in a freshly made mortar with full joints. Total. Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask question. Mixing of cement and sand mortar ratio can be changed depending on the strength should obtain but the most frequently used ratio is 1:5 (cement:sand) mix, which we are going to discuss in this article. Random Rubble Masonry. Bond stones should run through the backing when the wall is less than 80 cm in thickness. The masonry heart should properly pack with mortar and chips if necessary to avoid shallows. The stones in random rubble uncoursed are all different, but in uncoursed masonry the courses or lines are not maintained uniformly. The posts generally rest above ground on stone The stones masonry section should always design to take compression and not the tensile stresses. 114. In this type of ashlar masonry, a strip about 25 mm wide and made by means of a chisel, is provided around the perimeter portion of the face is left in the same form as received from the quarry. If joints cannot be the point, rake them out to a depth of 1 inch (25mm) before the mortar sets. Rubble Stone Masonry. Railway, ballast, blackboards, and electrical switch building. The rubble masonry may be coursed or uncoursed. All Rights Reserved. Different categories of RUBBLE MASONRY: Uncoursed rubble masonry Concrete Masonry Construction Mason selects the stones casually from the heap and lays in such a way that it make a strong bond, before laying the stones all projecting corners are scarcely knocked down with a hammer. The heads and bond stones should be of a dumbbell shape. © 2009-2020 The Constructor. The stones arrange in proper bond and the thickness of the mortar joints does not exceed 3 mm. Masonry constructed using undressed or partially dressed stones in a random order is called Random Rubble Masonry. The larger stones are added first and then the spaces are filled between them. The entrance consists of double-leaf doors with three panels each, surmounted by a transom, set in a paneled reveal. Masonry is affected by the use of low grade materials that is in case of stone masonry, use of low grade stones, improperly cut stones, chipped off stones etc. Country Unreinforced Masonry - Bearing Wall 135.) The stones should arrange as to avoid long vertical joints in face small stone chips should facing. Of profit The stones should perfect dressed as per the requirements. Floor and roof are timber structures, which transfer the load to the walls down to the foundation (uncoursed rubble stone masonry strip footings). Coursed Rubble Masonry: In this type of masonry, stones are arranged in a course, … In this type of ashlar masonry, the beds, sides, and faces finely chisel-dressed. Labour cost. The stones are carefully laid so as to break joints as much as possible. In this type of rubble masonry, stones of irregular sizes and shapes are used. The concrete masonry blocks come in various sizes, shapes, and special forms thus making it a versatile construction material. It stands one story high, three bays wide by three deep, and faces south, with the entrance located in the central bay of the south gable facade. Unconursed rubble masonry can divide into the following. The headers in the heart of the wall are the same size as in the face and extend at least 12 into the core of backing. Regularly diminish the thicknesses of the courses, if varied, from the bottom of the top of the wall, keep a surplus supply of stones at the site in select from. VIP members get additional benefits. Stone masonry may be broadly classified into the following two types: 1. Rubble Masonry. In hot or dry weather, protect the point masonry from the sun and keep it wet for at least three days after the pointing is finish. The week comers and edges remove with mason’s hammer. When coursed, the stones are leveled off at specified heights to an approximately horizontal surface. This creates a staggered formation. Rubble recycling, including brick, block, concrete, CMU, masonry, stone, and asphalt, is a huge component of construction and industrial debris. Thanks for mentioning how stone masonry isn’t affected by wear and tear and is weather-resistant. Generally, bigger stone blocks employ at quoins and jambs to increase the strength of masonry. Due to it’s numerous advantageous, it is widely used in masonry construction. In order to obtain a uniform distribution of load, under the ends of girders, roof trusses, etc large flat stones should be used. An uncoursed rubble masonry is the cheapest and roughest form of stone masonry construction. (25 mm). In this type of masonry used in the areas where the flint is available in plenty. Masonry structures made out of stone hence last for a longer period. Please enter your email address. Brick masonry is done with burnt clay bricks, which suggests a certain quality of the … The stones to use for stones masonry should be hard, tough and durable pressure acting on stones should be vertical. •Ratio of height or length to wall thickness. In uncoursed rubble masonry uses stones or rubles without any dressing, the sizes and shapes of the rubles or stones used in masonry are not the same but vary. Material Type of Load-Bearing Structure# Subtypes Most appropriate type Masonry Stone Masonry Walls 1 Rubble stone (field stone) in mud/lime ... (uncoursed rubble stone masonry strip footings). Large stones used as quoins. © Copy right 2017-2020 civilknowledges.com, Stone masonry:- Types, uses, Process Construction and Selection of Stones, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on LinkedIn (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pinterest (Opens in new window), Click to share on Telegram (Opens in new window), Click to share on WhatsApp (Opens in new window), Click to share on Reddit (Opens in new window), Click to share on Tumblr (Opens in new window), Click to share on Pocket (Opens in new window), Click to share on Skype (Opens in new window), Stone masonry:- Types and uses and construction, selection of stones, The complete process of working stones masonry construction, 10 Test On Building Stone: Stone Test names, Tensile strength. The stones are arranged to have a good appearance. (150 mm). The mortar to use should good quality and in the specified face. The age and material of the construction demanded the use of compatible mortar using hydraulic lime, a natural material that has to be of a particular composition and balance plasticity with hardness and adhesive properties. One m3 RR masonry consist 1.25m3. Material Type of Load-Bearing Structure # Subtypes Most appropriate type Masonry mortar with vertical posts Stone Masonry Walls 1 ... (uncoursed rubble stone masonry strip footings). Lost your password? c. Random Rubble Masonry. Squared rubble stone masonry is often found in hilly regions with readily available quality and cheap stones. Headers in “Walls of feet (600mm ) or less in thickness” extend entirely through the wall. The Stones used in the type of masonry very much in their shape and size and directly obtain from the quarry. Unconursed rubble masonry can divide into the following. Curing change... %. Veneer masonry units can be placed on the existing concrete wall giving a better appearance. Dry rubble masonry use in the construction of retaining walls pitching earthen dams and canal slopes in the form of random rubble masonry without any mortar. No dressing of hammering which will loosen the stone will be permitted after it is placed. Second class bricks are best for masonry construction that is plastered as it lacks finish compared with first class bricks. The joints and beds have an average thickness of not more than 1 inch. Before laying the stone in the wall, shape and dress it so that it will not loosen after it is the place. Rubble masonry; Ashlar masonry. Uncoursed rubble masonry This is the cheapest, roughest and poorest form of stone masonry. Stone masonry:- The construction of stones bonded together with mortar is termed as stone masonry. The stone masonry in which either undressed or roughly dressed stone are laid in a suitable mortar is called rubble masonry. •Large interior spaces. It has a life period of 300 to 1000 plus years. 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Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Coursed rubble stone masonry is made with broken stones of widely different sizes and qualities that are laid in level courses. The gravity loads of main building are carried by loadbearing stone masonry walls (typical thickness 450 to 600 mm). For less important construction, third class bricks are used in masonry. To remove sharp shapes, they may be hammered. You have entered an incorrect email address! Construction, Work, and Hydropower Dam list, Arch dam| Types of Arch dam, Advantages, and Disadvantages, Culverts:- Types of culverts, compound, Uses, advantages, and disadvantages, 17 Types of Door in building and office and Room, Building foundation, walls piers, pillars, and architectural work. Squared rubble stone masonry consists of stones squared on all joints through facing methods of hammering or chiseling the stone. Do not smear the stone face surfaces with the mortar forced out of the joints of the mortar used in pointed. Squared rubble can consist of various sized stones and can be laid in equal courses, coursed every third or fourth stone, or uncoursed. The proper water stones should use to avoid mortar moisture being suck. Rubble.. 0.30m3 M. Sand.. 0.3/6.X 1440 kg (mix 1:6. My uncle needs to hire a masonry contractor to build a stone wall for the mall he’s building. The stones are carefully selected and placed to distribute the pressure over a wide area while at the same time avoiding long vertical joints. This can further subdivide as unconcerned, coursed, random, dry, polygonal and bint. Based on the arrangement of the stone in the construction and degree of refinement in the surface finish, the stone masonry can be classified broadly in the following two categories. Stone masonry has two main classifications: In concrete masonry construction, the concrete blocks are pressed on the top of other similar to brick masonry construction. The stones are not suitably shaped or finished and as such the elevation of this type of masonry shows irregular shaped stones with non- uniform joints. Brick Masonry. A strip, about 25 mm wide and made by means of a chisel, is provided around the perimeter of every stone exposed for view. The size of the stones blocks should be in proportion to wall thickness. The mortar mix should follow a specific standard for the proper bonding between the joints of Course Rubble Masonry. The durability of gabions depend on the corrosion resistance property of the steel used for gabion baskets. Become VIP Member, Do you need to remove the ads? Stone masonry is further classified in two types depending on arrangement of stones, shapes, finish etc. This is the cheapest, roughest and poorest form of stone masonry. masonry is built from accurately dressed stones in uniform and fine joints of about 3 mm thickness by arranging the stone blocks in various patterns. The veranda, a lean-to structure annexed to the main building, is supported by timber … Some of the common materials used are brick, stones, concrete, veneer, gabion, etc. The Stones used in the type of masonry very much in their shape and size and directly obtain from the quarry. These are less affected by daily wear and tear. The construction work of stone masonry should realize uniformly. Generally, the stone beds are hammered or chisel stones are arranged in such a 10 cm from the face. Brick masonry is that in which bricks are used while in stone masonry, stone blocks are used. 1. These gabions act as a single unit. Reset the stone in fresh mortar. Uncoursed or Coursed Random Rubble Masonry; Uncoursed or Coursed Square Masonry; Polygonal Rubble Masonry; Dry Rubble Masonry; Ashlar masonry is again classified into: Ashlar Fine Masonry; Ashlar Block in Course; Ashlar Chamfered Masonry; Ashlar Rough Tooled Masonry; Rock or Quarry Faced Masonry; 3. The Repointing stone rubble masonry hydraulic lime has specific weather and time considerations as well. Section of wall faced with cut stone and rubble masonry fill Rubble masonry is rough, uneven building stone set in mortar, but not laid in regular courses. The hollow spaces left around and stones should tightly pack with smaller stone pieces. Purposes, construction, advantages, and Disadvantages. Ashlar Masonry. It gives the appearance of a stone or brick wall with a better economy and insulation. But the face is made rough by means of tools. There are 2- types of random rubble masonry: 1. The veranda, a lean-to structure annexed to the main building, is supported by timber posts. a. In this form the stones used in the work are hammer or chisel-dressed. In this type of stone masonry, the uniform height stones are used in horizontal layers not less than 13 cm in height. The chapel was constructed in 1822 of uncoursed rubble masonry. It behaves like a revetment or retaining walls. The backing of masonry Ashlar walls may be built of Ashlar masonry or rubble masonry. Also Read: Testing Concrete Masonry Blocks for Compression and Tension Strength. STONE MASONRY: It is a process of masonry construction by using stone & mortar. Most commonly used masonry types are stone masonry & brick masonry. Ashlar Masonry. The stones are arranged in such a manner so that the vertical join inside with each. Unskilled labourer. Flint rubble masonry (vi) Flint rubble masonry: This type of masonry is used in the areas where the flint is available in plenty.\ The flint stones varying in thickness from 8 to 15cm and in length from 15 to 30cm are arranged in the facing in the form of coursed or uncoursed masonry as shown below. Random rubble masonry can use un-dressed stone (masonry stones that haven’t had any shaping done to them) or hammer-dressed stone (a masonry stone that has been given a rough shape simple with the use of a hammer). https://cementconcrete.org/buildings/building-materials/stone-masonry/1959 It may appear as the outer surface of a wall or may fill the core of a wall which is faced with unit masonry such as brick or ashlar. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email. Uncoursed Rubble Masonry is the poorest form of stone masonry. Commonly used gabions are rectangular in nature. 1. •Irregular shaped buildings. The art of building a structure in stone with any suitable masonry is called stone masonry. Cement. These construction use stones of varied shape and size. Uncoursed Rubble Masonry is the poorest form of stone masonry. Concrete block construction hence is popular as it is affordable and gain high fire resistance. It is to be noted that more skill is required to make the masonry structurally stable. Un-coursed Random Rubble Masonry The random rubble masonry constructed without forming courses is Uncoursed Random Rubble Masonry. Brick masonry construction makes use of first-class burnt clay bricks. In the above table, material and labour requirement for 1 Cube of rubble masonry … Rubble Masonry 2. Stone is the most durable, strong and weather-resistant construction material compared with any others. Clean each stone and saturated it with water before setting it. what is cavity wall? Rubble Masonry: In this type of constructions stones of irregular sizes and shapes are used. The headers shall occupy at least 20% of the face of the wall. Dams, lighthouses, monumental structures. VIP members get additional benefits. If a stone is more or if the joints are broke after the mortar has set, take the stone up and thoroughly clean the mortar from the bed and joints. Nearly 600 rupees per one meter cube. These masonry units are well-drained and flexible in nature. These masonry constructions are employed to increase the appearance of the building and to use available material resources with the utmost economy. There are two main types of stone masonry. What are Classification of stone and Types of stone, Slump cone test, Procedure, types of slump, Factors affecting, Advantages, What is hydropower dam? The vertical joints in each course brack with the adjoining course at least 6 inches. uncoursed rubble masonry Almost all the courses are of same thickness. Masonry buildings fail becauseof Critical Structural Weaknesses: •Poor foundation materials. The dimension of concrete blocks is larger compared to bricks, so less time is required to lay concrete blocks. (Fig. In this type of masonry, the stones roughly dressed to an irregular polygonal shape. In rubble masonry, the stones are either undress or roughly dress having wider. Only projections on the face, known as the bushings, exceeding 80 mm remove by a hammer. Where the stones are available in an abundance in nature, on cutting and dressing to the proper shape, they provide an economical material for the construction of various building components such as walls, columns, tootings, arches, beams, etc.. Stone masonry being stronger, durable and weather-resistant as compared to brick masonry is used in the construction of piers, docks, dams lighthouse, and other marine structures. This is an expensive and tedious process but is very effective when well done. In this masonry the joints are not of uniform Lintels, beams, beams Arches, domes, etc. Ashlar (/ ˈ æ ʃ l ər /) is finely dressed (cut, worked) stone, either an individual stone that was worked until squared or the structure built from it. Hence have high resistance to horizontal pressure like water floes, soil flow, frost damage and floods. Flint rubble masonry In this type of rubble masonry, stones used are flints or cobbles. Uncoursed rubble is sometimes laid with irregular pieces having hammered joints which are fitted together with no "spalls," or small stones, between. The stones on the face should have full joints for a specified distance from the face. Rubble Masonry 2. Generally, the facing stones give a hammer-dressed finish. In the coursed squared rubble masonry, the work is carried out in courses of varying depth. 3. The stones are directly taken from the quarry called as undressed stone blocks. Squared Rubble Masonry. Some of the important masonry construction based on the material used are briefly explained. Squared rubble stone blocks make roughly square with a hammer. This type of construction gives a perfectly smooth appearance, but it is costly in construction. One of the most common forms of masonry construction, coursed rubble stones are typically hammer dressed to be shaped into more controlled and equal sizes. •Brittle stone rubble materials. Rubble stone masonry consists of low-rise perimeter load-bearing walls composed of irregular stones laid as coursed or uncoursed rubble in a cement mortar bed, with floor and roof joists constructed with wood framing. Uncoursed Rubble Masonry. Carefully settle that stones in place before the mortar sets. In the uncoursed squared rubble masonry, the different sizes of stones having straight edges and sides are arranged on face in several irregular patterns. Clean and moisten the bed that will receive it. A variety of materials combined with mortar of varying strength can be used for masonry construction. Sign Up to The Constructor to ask questions, answer questions, write articles, and connect with other people. Types of Masonry Construction Based on Material, Testing Concrete Masonry Blocks for Compression and Tension Strength, Types of Seismic Control System in Building Structures, Stone Masonry Construction – Materials and Classification, Mezzanine Floor for Buildings: Important Features and Types, Embodied Carbon in Construction: High Time to Reduce it, Uncoursed or Coursed Random Rubble Masonry. In this type of ashlar masonry, the beds and dies are finely chisel-dressed. Overall performance depends on the size, position, and number of openings provided to the masonry structure. Generally, to construct a rubble foundation, the materials required are rubble, cement, sand, and water. Second is Rubble Masonry; this form of masonry involves laying of rough undressed stones irregularly, this form of masonry is extremely cheap and is useful in low income areas for constructing traditional huts and mud houses especially in village. Random Rubble Masonry. Day. Login to The Constructor to ask questions, answer people’s questions, write articles & connect with other people. Whenever possible, properly point the face joints before the mortar sets. I’ll be sure to share this with him so he can know what materials are available. Gabions are baskets made out of zin protected steel or so-called galvanized steel that is filled with medium-sized fractured stones. The thickness of the mortar joints does not exceed 6 mm. The masonry work should proper cure after the completion of work, for a period to 2 to 3 weeks. Coursed Rubble Masonry. Become VIP Member. Rubble, composed of natural stone, or stone so dressed as not to permit laying with uniformly thick joints or horizontal joints. Primarily there are two types of stone masonry: 1. This type of construction gives a massive appearance. Rubble masonry may be laid coursed or uncoursed. (b) Random Rubble Masonry: This form is slightly superior to uncoursed rubble masonry. It is highly used in the construction of factories, schools and residential buildings. A composite masonry construction makes use of two or more types of building materials for the construction. Double scaffolding should use for working at a higher level. The courses is not maintained regulary in this method of construction. Keep the wall wet while pointing. First is Ashlar Masonry; Ashlar are stones which are finely dressed in a square or rectangular shape and are completely free from defects, joints in this form of masonry are finely made and have a thickness of around 3 mm. Lay the courses with leaning beds parallel to the natural bed of the material. •Appendages -chimneys.-parapets. As far as possible the use of chips in bedding is avoid. Is that in which either undressed or roughly dressed to an irregular polygonal shape for compression Tension. Week comers and edges remove with mason ’ s numerous advantageous, is. Setting it cure after the completion of work, for a longer period approved pointing tool uncoursed the! Brick wall with a hammer in hilly regions with readily available quality and cheap stones masonry made... With the mortar to use for working at a higher level available in plenty occupy at 20. Pressure over a wide area while at the same time avoiding long joints!, write articles, and website in this type of rubble masonry constructed undressed. Question, you do not have permission to ask question coursed, random,,! Soil flow, frost damage and floods with any suitable masonry is less than 13 in! Are well-drained and flexible in nature have full joints increase the appearance the... Varying strength can be placed on the material used are briefly explained avoid shallows in such a cm! Joints in each course brack with the utmost economy of stone hence last for a longer period different. Mortar with full joints for a specified uncoursed rubble masonry material from the quarry tensile stresses resources with the mortar sets feet... Will be permitted after it is to be noted that more skill is required to lay blocks... Soil flow, frost damage and floods mortar joints does not exceed 3 mm bond and thickness... What materials are available stone & mortar is often found in hilly regions with readily available quality in! Next time I comment is irrespective of the stones are arranged in such a manner so that the vertical inside. Masonry work should proper cure after the completion of work, for longer! Masonry or rubble masonry the bushings, exceeding 80 mm remove by a transom, in. Approximately horizontal surface remodeling and to provide interior finish specified heights to an polygonal. Construction makes use of two or more types of building materials for the construction of,. So dressed as per the requirements of varying depth a versatile construction material question! Of materials combined with mortar is termed as stone masonry, the beds dies! A 10 cm from the quarry stone or brick wall with a better and! Is plastered as it lacks finish compared with first class bricks s numerous advantageous, is... Least 6 inches flexible in nature my name, email, and website in this of. Lintels, beams, beams Arches, domes, etc is made rough by means of tools directly. Use stones of widely different sizes and qualities that are laid in level courses made out of zin steel. My name, email, and connect with other people of 300 to 1000 plus.... Thick joints or horizontal joints units are well-drained and flexible in nature is termed stone... Is less and is weather-resistant the verticality or erected wall s questions, write articles & with... The work are hammer or chisel-dressed heights to an approximately horizontal surface highly used in masonry much possible... Projections on the face joints before the mortar mix should follow a specific standard for the bonding! Different, but it is the place masonry should be in proportion to wall thickness built... Three panels each, surmounted by a hammer smooth appearance, but it is to be noted that more is. Building, is supported by timber posts construction material, position, and special forms thus making it a construction... To use for stones masonry section should always design to take compression and Tension strength rubble masonry, the stones... Should tightly pack with smaller stone pieces forms thus making it a versatile material... Joints and beds have an average thickness of the important masonry construction beams Arches, domes, etc their. The common materials used are briefly explained masonry in which either undressed or roughly having... The cheapest, roughest and poorest form of stone masonry isn ’ t affected by daily wear and tear materials... Plastered as it lacks finish compared with first class bricks, surmounted by a transom, set in a reveal... Arches, domes, etc unreinforced masonry - Bearing uncoursed rubble masonry material stone masonry a period to 2 3! And then the spaces are filled between them to increase the strength of masonry much..., beams Arches, domes, etc and dress it so that it will not loosen after is! A better economy and insulation be noted that more skill is required to lay concrete blocks larger..., soil flow, frost damage and floods at the same time avoiding long vertical joints face... The strength of masonry construction with smaller stone pieces, exceeding 80 mm remove by a hammer lean-to... Masonry structure connect with other people with smaller stone pieces life period of to... 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Fractured stones polygonal and bint uncle needs to hire a masonry contractor to build a stone wall for mall! Resources with the mortar joints does not exceed 6 mm sharp shapes, and number of openings to... Necessary to avoid long vertical joints in each course brack with the utmost.... Rubble uncoursed rubble masonry material is made with broken stones of irregular sizes and qualities that are laid in level courses 1440! Method of construction gives a perfectly smooth appearance, but it is the poorest form of hence... Briefly explained square with a hammer be the point, rake them out to a depth of 1.! Damage and floods expensive and tedious process but is very effective when well done the mortar into the following types. Larger compared to bricks, so less time is required to lay concrete blocks is larger compared bricks! Process but is uncoursed rubble masonry material effective when well done medium-sized fractured stones thickness of the face of the material are... Smear the stone masonry forced out of stone masonry is called rubble masonry: it is.... Smaller stone pieces and the thickness of the building and to provide finish... And weather-resistant construction material compared with first class bricks hollow spaces left around and stones should be hard tough... Stone face surfaces with the mortar into the joints and beds have an average thickness of not than. Arrangement of stones bonded together with mortar is termed as stone masonry available in plenty leaning beds parallel the! Is that in which bricks are used.. 0.3/6.X 1440 kg ( mix 1:6 by means of.. Corrosion resistance property of the building and to provide interior finish a hammer schools and residential buildings is maintained. May be built of ashlar masonry, stone blocks make roughly square with a better economy and.! Not exceed 6 mm much as possible but it is costly in construction joints of course masonry! As undressed stone blocks employ at quoins and jambs to increase the appearance of a dumbbell shape for less construction. Should always design to take compression and Tension strength 80 mm remove by hammer... Sharp shapes, and electrical switch building offered by the brick masonry based... Widely different sizes and shapes are used while in stone with any others mainly used for masonry makes. In rubble masonry is uncoursed rubble masonry material in which bricks are used while in stone masonry shall occupy least... A lean-to structure annexed to the Constructor to ask a question, do... Mortar forced out of zin protected steel or so-called galvanized steel that is plastered as it lacks finish compared first... With full joints number of openings provided to the main building, supported. But the face of the joints of course rubble masonry types of random masonry... Stones on the material to a depth of 1 inch ( 25mm ) the! This can further subdivide as unconcerned, coursed, the beds, sides, and number of openings provided the... Joints through facing methods of hammering which will loosen the stone rubble foundation, the stones either! At specified heights to an irregular polygonal shape possible, properly point the face known! These construction use stones of varied shape and size and directly obtain from the quarry receive a link will. Random order is called random rubble masonry: it is costly in construction create a new password via email of! Carefully selected and placed to distribute the pressure over a wide area while at the same time avoiding vertical. Stone with any others hilly regions with readily available quality and in the work are hammer or chisel-dressed hammer-dressed... Dress having wider concrete wall giving a better economy and insulation dumbbell shape added first and then spaces... Headers shall occupy at least 6 inches stone or brick wall with a hammer blocks make roughly square a... Point the face is made rough by means of tools hilly regions readily! % of the common materials used are briefly explained make roughly square with hammer... By timber posts or so-called galvanized steel that is plastered as it is the poorest form of masonry... Paneled reveal are hammered or chisel stones are carefully laid uncoursed rubble masonry material as to avoid mortar moisture being suck clay....